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OBJECTIVE: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is a recently established therapeutic target for treating metabolic syndromes, which include potential precursors to cardiovascular disease, suggesting a link between FGF21 and atherosclerosis. However, the association between serum FGF21 concentrations and coronary artery disease remain controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between circulating FGF21 concentrations and coronary artery lesions and clinical severity. METHODS: We enrolled 137 subjects who underwent coronary angiography, due to suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), from December 2009 to July 2012. Serum FGF21 levels were measured. Coronary artery lesions and clinical severities of the subjects were evaluated using the SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with (paclitaxel-eluting) TAXus stent and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scoring system, respectively. RESULTS: After adjusting for established cardiovascular disease risk factors, including age, body mass index, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, patients with coronary artery lesions (n=112 men) had significantly higher levels of FGF21 than individuals without such lesions (n=25; men) (377.1±20.1 pg/mL vs. 267.1±43.5 pg/mL; p=0.026). However, no correlations were found between serum levels of FGF21 and either the calculated STNTAX score (r=0.117; p=0.176) or GRACE risk score, which is a risk prediction tool applicable for ACS subjects (r=0.113; p=0.193). CONCLUSION: Although serum levels of FGF21 were higher in individuals with coronary lesions than in those without such lesions, FGF21 levels were not associated with angiographic severity.
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Humans , Acute Coronary Syndrome , Atherosclerosis , Body Mass Index , Cardiovascular Diseases , Cholesterol , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Artery Disease , Coronary Vessels , Fibroblast Growth Factors , Lipoproteins , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Risk Factors , Stents , Taxus , Thoracic SurgeryABSTRACT
Objective To study the clinical characteristics in the patients with different types of acute coronary syndrome(ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the factors affecting the PCI treatment.Methods A total of 377 inpatients with ACS undergoing PCI in this hospital from January 2014 to March 2015 were selected,including 172 cases of ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (ST-ACS) group and 205 cases of non-ST-elevation ACS (NST-ACS group).The baseline data and detection indexes were collected,the GRACE score on admission was calculated,the database was established,regular follow-up was performed,and the prognosis was analyzed.Results The smoking history,emergency PCI,coronary angi-ography TIMI grade ≤ 1,H MGB1,GRACE score,heart rate on admission,white blood cell(WBC) count,neutrophil ratio,lymphocyte ratio,monocytes ratio,absolute neutrophil count,high density lipoprotein,apolipoprotein b,number of lesion vessels and left ventricular ejection fraction had statistical differences between the ST-ACS group and NST-ACS group (P ＜ 0.05);the correlation analysis showed that HMGB1 and GRACE score were significantly correlated (r=0.836,P＜0.01).The 2-year follow-up results showed that the previous myocardialinfarction and PCI history,Killip grade(Ⅱ-Ⅳ),coronary angiography TIMI grade≤ 1,HMGB1,GRACE score,mean platelet volume,age and number of lesion vessels had differences between the end point event occurrence group and end point event non-occurrence group (P＜0.05).The Logistic regression analysis showed that HMGB1,GRACE score,age,previous PCI histoty,Killip grade (Ⅱ-IV) were the independent risk factors for cardiovascular events (P ＜ 0.05).The Cox survival analysis showed that HMGB1,previous PCI history,Killip grade (Ⅱ-Ⅳ) were the independent risk factors for cardiovascular events (P＜0.05).The ROC survival curve showed that the accuracy of HMGB1 was good,the areas under the curve was 0.844 (95％CI:0.803-0.885,P＜0.05),the critical value predicting the end point events was 480.44 ng/mL.Conclusion HMGB1 has difference between the ST-ACS group and NST-ACS group,and has a good correlation with GRACE score.
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Objective To investigate the impact of high mobility group box1 and GRACE score on the clinical prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing selective percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods A total of 380 consecutive patients initially diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome undergoing selec-tive PCI between January 2014 and March 2015 were included,with 200 of them assigned into low high mobility group box1(HMGB1<445 ng/mL)and the other 180 patients into high mobility group box1(HMGB1≥445 ng/mL).The baseline characteristics and laboratory indexes were collected on admission,GRACE score were calculat-ed at admission.The difference between the high and low high mobility group box1 were analzyed and the influenc-ing factors of patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing selective percutaneous coronary intervention were studied. The mean follow-up period was 24 months,and the clinical end points were deaths from various causes and readmission for coronary heart disease. Results There were significantly differences statistically between the groups of high and low high mobility group box1 in clinical diagnosis. lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2, GRACE score,mean platelet volume,red cell distribution width,age,and left ventricular ejection fraction(P <0.05). The correlation analysis showed that HMGB1 was significantly related to lipoprotein associated phospholi-pase A2 and GRACE score,with the correlation coefficents of 0.575,0.836,respectively(P<0.05).COX analy-sis showed that HMGB1,lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2,GRACE score had statistical significance for survival outcomes(P<0.05),and the area under the ROC curve drawn by combining the three was 0.851(95% CI 0.811 ~ 0.891,P < 0.05). Conclusion There was a good correlation between HMGB1 and GRACE score. HMGB1 is a good predictor of clinical outcomes in the patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing elective PCI treatment.
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Introducción: el síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) es la primera causa de mortalidad en Colombia. Una estratificación de riesgo errónea, en la sala de emergencias (ER), afecta las intervenciones realizadas y la tasa de eventos adversos cardiovasculares puede ser mayor. El objetivo de esta investigación fue medir la diferencia en el puntaje GRACE y la estratificación del riesgo coronario, utilizando los resultados de las troponinas medidas secuencialmente durante la atención inicial. Metodología: con un diseño descriptivo retrospectivo, se evaluaron los registros clínicos de pacientes tratados por dolor precordial de probabilidad intermedia para SCA, sin indicación de manejo invasivo inmediato, atendidos en la sala de emergencias de una clínica del tercer nivel de Bogotá, durante el año 2017. Se determinó la diferencia entre la puntuación GRACE calculada con la primera troponina (GRACE-1), la segunda troponina (GRACE-2) o la troponina delta (GRACE-delta) [prueba T pareada], y la proporción de pacientes poco estratificados se midió al usar la primera troponina [X2, puntaje Z]. Resultados: se identificaron 44 pacientes en un período de 6 meses. La mayoría hombres con edad mediana de 73 años. El promedio (DE) de los puntajes GRACE-1, GRACE-2 y GRACE-delta, fue de 114.14 (30.73), 115.55 (30.14) y 111.11 (28.79), respectivamente; al comparar GRACE-delta con GRACE-1 y GRACE-2 se identificaron diferencias significativas (p:<0.05). Se identificó un error en la estratificación del riesgo coronario en 10/44 pacientes (22.7%) y 9/44 (20.4%) presentaron sobreestratificación. Conclusión: la estratificación del riesgo coronario con la primera troponina, a diferencia de la troponina delta (ítem no aclarado en las guías), evidenció una sobreestratificación en al menos 20% de los pacientes, estableciendo la necesidad de procedimientos más invasivos y posiblemente hospitalización más prolongada permanecer.
Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the first cause of mortality in Colombia. An erroneous risk stratification, in the emergency room (ER), affects the interventions performed and the rate of major cardiovascular adverse events. We measured the difference in GRACE score and stratification of coronary risk, by using the results of troponins measured sequentially during initial care. Methods: With a retrospective descriptive design, clinical records of patients treated for precordial pain of ≥ intermediate probability for ACS were evaluated, without indication of immediate invasive management, attended in the ER of a clinic of the third level of Bogotá, during 2017. De-termined the difference between the GRACE score calculated with the first (GRACE-1), second (GRACE-2) or troponin delta (GRACE-delta [paired T-test], and the proportion of poorly stratified patients was measured when using the first troponin [X2, Z-score]. Results: 44 patients in a period of 6 months were identified. The majority men, older adults, middle age 73 years. The average (SD) of scores GRACE-1, GRACE-2 and GRACE-delta, was 114.14 (30.73), 115.55 (30.14) and 111.11 (28.79), respectively; when comparing GRACE-delta with GRACE-1 and GRACE-2 significant differences were identified (p:<0.05). Error in the stratification of coronary risk was identified in 10/44 patients (22.7%), and 9/44 (20.4%) presented over-stratification. Conclusion: The stratification of coronary risk using the first troponin, unlike the troponin delta (item not clarified in the guidelines), evidenced an over-stratification in at least 20% of the patients, establishing the need for more invasive procedures and possibly longer hospital stay.
Subject(s)
Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy , Troponin/pharmacology , Myocardial Ischemia/epidemiology , Coronary DiseaseABSTRACT
Objective: To explore GRACE (global registry of acute coronary events)score on short term prognosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)in patients elder than 75 years with primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods: A total of 104 STEMI patients elder than 75 years with primary PCI in our hospital from 2011-11 to 2014-01 were studied. Based on GRACEscore at admission, the patients were divided into 2 groups: Lower/mid risk group, n=72 patients with GRACEscore at 112-154 (136.5±10.6) and High risk group, n=32 patients with GRACE score at 155-202(167.8±12.3). The baseline condition and outcomes were compared between 2 groups and the primary endpoint was 1 year mortality. Predictive value of GRACEscore on 1 year mortality was evaluated by ROC curve, the relationships between Lower/mid risk group, High risk group and clinical outcomes were assessed by log-ranksurvive curve andunivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: The area under ROC curve for GRACEscore predicting 1 year mortality was 0.788 with the sensitivity at 70.0%and specificity at 84.0 %.Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that compared with Lower/mid risk group, High risk group had the higher risk of 1-year death (HR=5.75, 95% CI 1.486-22.256, P=0.0113); log-rank survive curve presented that High risk group had the higher 1 year mortality (21.9% vs 4.2%, P=0.0039). Conclusion: GRACE score may further distinguish the lower/mid risk and high risk populations in elder STEMI patients; it may also predict 1 year clinical prognosis.
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Objective: To explore the relationship between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) level, antithrombinⅢ (AT-Ⅲ ) activity and global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) score in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS); to analyze the predictive value of Lp-PLA2, AT- Ⅲ on risk stratification and nearby risk assessment in NSTE-ACS patients. Methods: Our research included in 2 groups: NSTE-ACS group, n=260 patients with confirmed diagnosis and regular treatment; Control group, n=50 in-hospital patients with coronary angiography excluded coronary artery disease (CAD).plasma level of Lp-PLA2 and AT-Ⅲ activity were examined in the next morning of admission. GRACE score was calculated in NSTE-ACS patients and based on GRACE score, NSTE-ACS group was further divided into 3 subgroups as Low risk subgroup, GRACE score≤108, n=121, Middle risk subgroup, GRACE score (109-140), n=73 and High risk subgroup, GRACE score>140, n=66. The relationships between Lp-PLA2 level, AT-Ⅲ activity and GRACE score were evaluated and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was recorded within 3 months of discharge. Results: ① Compared with Control group, NSTE-ACS group had increased Lp-PLA2 level, P<0.05 and decreased AT-Ⅲ activity, P<0.01. ② In NSTE-ACS group, Lp-PLA2 levels were elevating from Low risk subgroup to Middle risk subgroup and to High risk subgroup accordingly, all P<0.01; compared with Low risk and Middle risk subgroups, High risk subgroup showed decreased AT-Ⅲ activity, P<0.01 and P<0.05; while AT-Ⅲ activity was similar between Low risk and Middle risk subgroups, P>0.05. ③Partial correlation analysis presented that GRACE score was positively related to Lp-PLA2 (r=0.641, P=0.000) and negatively related AT-III (r=-0.179, P=0.006). ④ The area under ROC curve for MACE occurrence in GRACE score was 0.811, in Lp-PLA2 was 0.862 and in AT- Ⅲ was 0.631, all P<0.01; multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that Lp-PLA2, GRACE score and HDL-C were the independent predictors for nearby MACE occurrence in NSTE-ACS patients. Conclusion: Blood Lp-PLA2 level and AT-Ⅲ activity were important for risk stratification in NSTE-ACS patients;AT- Ⅲ had less value than Lp-PLA2 and GRACE score for nearby risk assessment.
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Objective: To explore the risk predictive value of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) on acute coronary syndrome(ACS) and to study the relationship between Lp-PLA2 and the severity of coronary stenosis in ACS patients. Methods:A total of 155 ACS patients admitted in our hospital were enrolled. The patient were divided into 2 groups:AMI (acute myocardial infarction) group, n=49 and UA (unstable angina)group, n=106; in addition, there was a Control group, n=44 subjects with normal coronary angiography (CAG).Blood levels of Lp-PLA2 were examined, CAG was conducted and GRACE score, SYNTAX score,Gensini score were calculated. Based on Grace score, ACS patients were divided into 3 subgroups: Low risk subgroup, Grace score≤108, Mid risk subgroup,Grace score 109-140 and High risk subgroup,Grace score≥140.The above parameters were comparedamong different groups. Results: Compared with UA group and Control group, AMI group had increased blood level of Lp-PLA2, P<0.05. Compared with Low risk subgroup, High risk subgroup had much higher Lp-PLA2, P<0.05. Correlation analysis showed that Lp-PLA2 level was positively related to Gracescore (r=0.301, P<0.001). By SYNTAX score and Gensini score evaluation,Lp-PLA2 levels were similar among different subgroups. Conclusion:Blood level of Lp-PLA2 had certain risk predictive value in ACS patients; while it was not related to the severity of coronary stenosis.
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ABSTRACT:Objective To study the platelet changes in patients with unstable angina with different blood glucose ,and their related biochemical index changes ,and their relationship with global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) score .Methods For this clinical study ,we enrolled 82 patients diagnosed with unstable angina , 47 of whom were male and 35 were female .Upon admission ,their random blood glucose was tested .According to different blood glucose values ,they were divided into normal blood glucose group (<6 .1 mmol/L) and high blood glucose (≥ 6 .1 mmol/L ) group . The following clinical data were compared between the two groups :age , hypertension ,diabetes ,smoking history ,and BMI .We detected EF (% ) ,HBA1C ,glucose ,LDL‐C ,HDL‐C ,TG , LPA ,CREA ,UA ,hsCRP ,BNP ,CKMB ,CTNI ,D‐Dimer ,and GRACE risk scores .We compared the platelet test results :PLT ,P‐LCR ,PDW ,and MPV .We also detected the relationship of MPV with hsCRP ,D‐Dimers and GRACE risk scores .Results MPV ,hsCRP ,and GRACE risk score differed significantly between normal blood glucose group and high blood glucose group (P<0 .05) .In the latter group ,MPV had significant correlation with hsCRP ,D‐Dimers and GRACE risk score ( r=0 .28 , r=0 .41 , r=0 .56 , P<0 .05) .Conclusion Hyperglycemia in patients with unstable angina causes the increase of MPV , change of the inflammatory marker hsCRP , and increase of clinical GRACE risk score .Abnormal MPV may predict the increased risk of unstable angina in patients with hyperglycemia upon hospitalization .
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Objective To investigate the relationship between glycated albumin ( GA ) and extent of coronary lesions, GRACE score in patients with acute non?ST segmentelevation myocardial infarction ( NSTEMI) . Methods A total of 226 NSTEMI patients who successfully underwent coronary angiography ( CAG) were enrolled in the study. Groups:( 1) According to GA level,the patients were divided into 3 groups:GA17. 0% group. ( 2) According to the extent of coronary le?sions,the patients were divided into 2 groups:single or double branch lesion group,three and/or left main lesion group. ( 3) According to the GRACE score,the patients were divided into 3 groups:Low?risk GRACE score≤108 points group,Medium?risk 108 points140 points group. The extent of coronary lesions was evaluated by Gensini score. The clinical characteristics and Gensini score,GRACE score of each group were compared. Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the association of GA with the severity of coronary artery disease and GRACE score. Results With glycated albumin increasing,the Gensini score(56. 51±38. 57,68. 30±35. 57,77. 38±36. 52),GRACE score(139. 43±29. 96,149. 77±38. 33,170. 75±27. 52) increased significantly,and significant differences were found between groups( F=5. 587,16. 006,P=0. 004,0. 000) . The ejection fraction( EF) of 3 groups were signif?icantly decrease((58. 30±13. 95)%,(56. 45±10. 79)%,(53. 06±12. 51)%;F=3. 126,P=0. 046). Proportion of severe coronary lesions of 3 groups were increase significantly( 59. 5%( 44/74) ,68. 2%( 60/88) ,87. 5%( 56/64),χ2=13. 528,P=0. 001). The level of GA in three and/or left main lesion group was higher than that in sin?gle or double branch lesion group((13. 92±3. 14)% vs. (16. 80±3. 58)%,t=-5. 693,P=0. 000). The level of GA in High?risk group was higher than that in Low?risk group ( ( 14. 70 ± 1. 54 )% vs. ( 16. 63 ± 4. 02 )%, t=6. 512,P=0. 002) . Correlation analysis showed that the level of GA had significant positive correlation with Gensini score and GRACE score(r=0. 309,0. 265;P=0. 000,0. 000),while had a negative correlation with LVEF(r=-0. 149,P=0. 034). Logistic regression analysis indicated that GA was independent risk factors for severity of coronary artery disease in patients with NSTEMI who successfully underwent CAG( OR=1. 441,95%CI:1. 160?1. 790,P=0. 001) . Conclusion GA level is increase in NSTEMI patients with severe coronary ar?tery disease and risk stratification high. GA is the independent risk factors for severity of coronary artery disease in patients with NSTEMI;GA has significant correlation with dangerous degree in patients with NSTEMI.
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Background There are patients who underwent emergency coronary angiography (CAG) but did not receive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this study was to analyze these reasons. Methods This is a single-center retrospective study. We recruited 201 consecutive patients who received emergency CAG but did not receive PCI. To investigate the value of the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score in predicting PCI possibilities in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) pa-tients, we recruited 80 consecutive patients who presented with NSTE-ACS and received emergency CAG as well as emergency PCI. Re-sults Among the 201 patients who received emergency CAG but did not receive PCI, 26%patients had final diagnosis other than coronary heart disease. In the patients with significant coronary artery stenosis, 23 patients (11.5%) were recommended to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), one patient (0.5%) refused PCI; 13 patients (6.5%) with significant thrombus burden were treated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist;74 patients (36.8%) were treated with drug therapy because no severe stenosis (>70%) was present in the crime vessel. Moreover, 80 of the 201 patients were presented with NSTE-ACS (excluding those patients with final diagnosis other than coronary heart disease, excluding those patients planned for CABG treatment), referred as non PCI NSTE-ACS. When comparing their GRACE scores with 80 consecutive patients presented with NSTE-ACS who received emergency CAG as well as emergency PCI (referred as PCI NSTE-ACS), we found that PCI NSTE-ACS patients had significantly higher GRACE scores compared with non PCI NSTE-ACS patients. We then used Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve (ROC) to test whether the GRACE score is good at evaluating the possibilities of PCI in NSTE-ACS patients. The area under the curve was 0.854 ± 0.030 (P<0.001), indicating good predictive value. Furthermore, we analyzed results derived from ROC statistics, and found that a GRACE score of 125.5, as a cut-off, has high sensitivity and specificity in evaluating PCI possibilities in NSTE-ACS patients. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the GRACE score has predictive value in determining whether NSTE-ACS patients would receive PCI.
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Objective Serum FIB has been established as a predictor of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of FIB with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and severity of the ACS. Methods A total of 692 patients with ACS who underwent a definite diagnosis were selected. Ninety-nine patients without coronary heart disease severed as control group. Detail information were recorded in age, gender, history of alcoholic, smoking, hypertension. All patients were detected in FIB and some other biochemical indicators levels. Use the correlation analysis to find the relationship of FIB with grace scoring. Results With the increase of Grace risk level and coronary artery lesions and myocardial ischemia,the levels of FIB were significantly increased (P < 0.05).The correlation analysis showed that Grace scores had a positive correlation with FIB in ACS patients. The logistic regression analysis showed the FIB was the most prominent predictors for ACS. The areas under the ROC curve of FIB were 0.87 which suggested that FIB had a higher predictive value of ACS. Conclusion The levels of serum FIB is closely related to criticality of ACS. For the ACS patients,higher levels of FIB indicated higher Grace scores. FIB level may have important clinical value in early risk stratification evaluation of prognosis and treatment options.
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Objective: To clarify the predictive value for long-term prognosis of GRACE score and SYNTAX score in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Methods: A total of 784 NSTE-ACS patients treated in our hospital from 2009-01 to 2014-01 were retrospectively studied. According to the treatment, the patients were divided into 3 groups: Medication group,n=410, Stent group,n=325 and CABG group,n=49. Based on 2 scoring systems, the patients were divided into another 3 groups: Low risk group, Medium risk group and High-risk group. The relationship between GRACE score and SYNTAX score was studied by Pearson correlation analysis, survival analysis was conducted by Kaplan-Meier method, univariate and multivariate analysis were performed by Cox proportional hazard model, and the area under curve (AUC) of ROC analysis was used to compare two methods. Results: All 784 patients completed the follow-up study at the median of 47.7 months. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a weak positive correlation between GRACE score and SYNTAX score (r=0.40,P0.05. Cox proportional hazard model and ROC analysis indicated that GRACE and SYNTAX scores had the important predictive value for lone term prognosis of NSTE-ACS. ROC analysis of GRACE score, SYNTAX score, the combination of GRACE and SYNTAX scores showed that 3 of them all had good predictive value for MACE occurrence, three of 95% CI had signiifcant overlapping without statistic differences. Conclusion: GRACE score and SYNTAX score are related, both of them have important while similar predictive value for long term prognosis in NSTE-ACS patients, the combination of 2 scores cannot increase the predictive value. GRACE score is appropriate for the risk stratiifcation in NSTE-ACS patients.
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Introducción: la estratificación de riesgo es uno de los principales objetivos en el manejo integral de los síndromes coronarios agudos (SCA). En la actualidad las guías de práctica clínica recomiendan la estratificación por medio de los puntajes de riesgo TIMI y GRACE. Teniendo en cuenta la alta prevalencia de esta enfermedad, consideramos de gran importancia conocer en nuestro medio la utilidad de estas escalas para el tratamiento integral de nuestros pacientes con SCA y determinar cuál escala tiene mejor capacidad de predicción para morbimortalidad. Objetivo: evaluar la validez de las escalas TIMI y GRACE para predecir el riesgo de muerte e infarto en los pacientes que se presentan con diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo en la unidad de dolor torácico del Hospital San Vicente de Paúl Fundación, y establecer cuál de estas dos escalas tiene mejor capacidad de predicción en nuestro medio en SCA sin elevación del segmento ST. Métodos: estudio de validez de una escala de pronóstico, observacional, analítico, con análisis retrospectivo de la calibración del modelo y la discriminación del riesgo, en una cohorte de pacientes en hospital de cuarto nivel en Medellín, Colombia. Resultados: 164 sujetos con SCA fueron identificados. 141 pacientes con seguimiento completo hasta los seis meses. El TIMI promedio fue de 3.5 puntos y el GRACE promedio de 124. La estratificación del TIMI para SCA sin elevación del segmento ST mostró: 19.1% de pacientes en riesgo bajo, 59.6% en riesgo intermedio y 21.3% en riesgo alto; según la escala de riesgo GRACE encontramos para muerte hospitalaria: 38.3% de pacientes en riesgo bajo, 32.6% en riesgo intermedio y 29.1% en riesgo alto. Para estratificación de muerte a seis meses se encontró 39.7% en riesgo bajo, 36.2% en riesgo intermedio y 24.1% en riesgo alto. La evaluación del componente de calibración mostró que ambas escalas se ajustan a nuestra muestra para SCA sin elevación ST (Prueba de Hosmer-Lemeshow p > 0.05). La evaluación del componente de discriminación mostró que ambas escalas pueden distinguir la población de mayor riesgo a seis meses (estadístico C mayor a 0.7). La escala TIMI discriminó mejor el riesgo de muerte intrahospitalaria comparada con el GRACE (estadístico C= 0.9 versus 0.8). La escala GRACE por el contrario, presentó mejor poder de discriminación de muerte a seis meses (0.86 versus 0.65). Conclusión: ambas escalas se ajustaron a la población estudiada, son útiles y pueden recomendarse para determinar el riesgo de mortalidad de nuestros pacientes con SCA. Para el SCA sin ST, la escala de riesgo TIMI discriminó mejor el riesgo a nivel hospitalario, mientras que la escala GRACE fue mejor para predecir el riesgo a los seis meses después del SCA sin elevación del segmento ST.
Background: risk stratification is one of the main objectives in the comprehensive management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Currently, clinical practice guidelines recommend stratification by the TIMI and GRACE risk scores. Given the high prevalence of this disease, we attach great importance to know in our environment the usefulness of these scales for the comprehensive treatment of our patients with ACS and determine which scale has better predictive power for morbidity and mortality. Objective: to assess the validity of the TIMI and GRACE risk scores to predict death and infarction in patients presenting with diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in the chest pain unit of the Hospital San Vicente de Paul Fundación, and establish which of these two scales has better predictive power in ACS without ST segment elevation in our environment. Methods: validation study of a prognostic scale, observational, analytical, with retrospective analysis of model calibration and risk discrimination in a cohort of patients at a fourth level hospital in Medellin, Colombia. Results: 164 subjects with ACS were identified. 141 patients with complete follow-up to 6 months. The average TIMI was 3.5 points and the GRACE average 124. TIMI stratification for ACS without ST-segment elevation showed 19.1% of patients at low risk, 59.6% at intermediate risk and 21.3% at high risk; according to the GRACE risk score for hospital death, were found: 38.3% of patients at low risk, at intermediate risk 32.6% and 29.1% at high risk. For stratification of death at six months, was found: 39.7% at low-risk, 36.2% at intermediate risk and 24.1% at high risk. The evaluation of the component of calibration showed that both scales fit our sample for ACS without ST elevation (Hosmer-Lemeshow test p> 0.05). The evaluation of the component of discrimination showed that both scales can distinguish the population of higher-risk to 6 months (C statistic greater than 0.7 C). The TIMI scale better discriminated risk of hospital death compared with GRACE (C statistic = 0.9 versus 0.8). On the contrary, the GRACE scale showeda better discrimination power of death at 6 months. (0.86 versus 0.65). Conclusion: both scales were adjusted to the population studied, are useful and can be recommended to determine the risk of mortality in our patients with ACS. For ACS without ST elevation, the TIMI risk score discriminated better the hospital risk, while GRACE scale was better at predicting risk at 6 months after ACS without ST segment elevation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Angina, Unstable , Validation Study , Acute Coronary Syndrome , Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction , Risk Evaluation and MitigationABSTRACT
Resumen Introduccion: el síndrome coronario agudo es una de las principales causas de consulta en los servicios de urgencias y cardiología, con una alta tasa de mortalidad y con altos costos para la sociedad.Existe muy poca información con respecto a población latinoamericana y de Colombia en los estudiosmulticéntricos internacionales. Se convierte en un reto conocer a profundidad las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, de laboratorio, escalas de riesgo usadas, hallazgos angiográficos, tratamientoinstaurado y mortalidad en pacientes que han sido atendidos en un hospital de cuarto nivel de la ciudadde Medellín. Material y métodos: estudio epidemiológico, observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal, retrospectivo tipo serie de casos. La población de estudio corresponde a los pacientes mayores de 18 años de edad, que consultaron a la unidad de dolor torácico del Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación con diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo en un periodo de tres meses. Los pacientes continuaron su tratamiento según las recomendaciones y guías tanto internacionales como locales para dolor torácico. Luego de seis meses del síndrome coronario agudo, se realizó un contacto con el paciente por varios medios, evaluaciones de consulta externa, historia clínica y llamada telefónica. Se obtuvo información de su evolución clínica, estado funcional y complicaciones incluyendo reintervención, hospitalización o muerte, de igual forma se evaluó la adherencia al manejo médico. Resultados: un total de 154 pacientes fueron analizados, 30% (n=47) por angina inestable, 37% (n=56) por IAMST y 33% (n=51) por IAMNST. El promedio de edad fue de 62 ± 13 años, hombres 54% (n=83). Los factores de riesgo asociados fueron: hipertensión arterial 66% (n=101), dislipidemia 23% (n=35), diabetes mellitus 18% (n=27), obesidad 5,1% (n=8) y tabaquismo 52% (n=80). El total de cateterismos realizados fue de 129; normales el 21.8% (n=28) y lesiones obstructivas significativas en 78.2% (n=101). De los pacientes con IAMST (n=56), sólo 28% recibieron reperfusión primaria. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue de 7% (n=11). Luego de seis meses de seguimiento se presentaron seis muertes más (12%). La adherencia a los tratamientos farmacológicos a los seis meses estuvo entre 54 y 86%. De los pacientes que egresaron con orden de rehabilitación cardiaca, sólo 3% la habían realizado luego de seis meses del egreso. Conclusiones: los pacientes que ingresan a la unidad de dolor torácico del Hospital San Vicente Fundación con síndrome coronario agudo presentan unas características epidemiológicas de base similares a las reportadas en la literatura médica. Sin embargo, la mortalidad es superior. Se documentó un bajo número de pacientes con IAMST que pudieron recibir tratamiento de reperfusión. También se encontró baja adherencia al manejo farmacológico y a la rehabilitación cardiaca, esto posiblemente en relación con acceso limitado a los servicios de salud de alta complejidad de forma oportuna. (Acta Med Colomb 2014; 39: 21-28).
Abstract Introduction: acute coronary syndrome is one of the major causes of consultation in the emergency and cardiology services, with a high mortality rate and high costs to society. There is very little information regarding Colombian and Latin American population in international multicenter studies. It becomes a challenge to know in depth the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics, the risk scales used, angiographic findings, established treatment and mortality in patients who have been treated at a fourth level hospital of Medellin. Material and methods: epidemiological , observational, descriptive , longitudinal , retrospective case series study. The study population corresponds to patients over 18 years of age, who consulted the chest pain unit of the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Foundation with diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in a period of three months. Patients continued treatment according to the local and international chest pain recommendations and guidelines. After six months of the acute coronary syndrome, a patient contact was made by various means, including outpatient evaluations , medical records and telephone call. Details about clinical outcome, functional status and complications including reoperation,hospitalization or death was obtained, and the adherence to medical management was also assessed. Results: a total of 154 patients were analyzed , 30% (n = 47) for unstable angina, 37% (n = 56) for STEMI and 33% (n = 51) for NSTEMI . The mean age was 62 ± 13 years. 54% were men (n = 83). The associated risk factors were: hypertension 66 % (n = 101) , dyslipidemia 23% (n = 35), diabetes mellitus18% (n = 27), obesity 5.1% (n = 8) and 52% smoking (n = 80). The total catheterizations performed was 129; 21.8 % (n = 28) of these were normal and 78.2 % (n = 101) had significant obstructive lesions. Only 28 % of the patients with STEMI (n = 56) received primary reperfusion. In-hospital mortality was 7% (n = 11). After six months of follow-up 6 more deaths (12%) were presented. Adherence to drug treatment at six months was between 54 and 86%. Of the patients who were discharged with order of cardiac rehabilitation, only 3% had done it after 6 months of discharge. Conclusions: patients who are admitted to the chest pain unit at St. Vincent Hospital Foundation with acute coronary syndrome present epidemiological characteristics similar to those reported in the medical literature. However, mortality is higher. A low number of patients with STEMI who could receive reperfusion therapy was documented. Poor adherence to pharmacological management and cardiac rehabilitation was also found , possibly in relation with a limited access to health services of high complexity in a timely manner. (Acta Med Colomb 2014; 39: 21-28).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Acute Coronary Syndrome , Epidemiology , Mortality , Cost Control , HospitalsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to evaluate the validity of the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Event (GRACE) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: One thousand thirty hundred seventy eight patients (63.6+/-12.0 years, 921 male), who were admitted at coronary care unit (CCU) of Chonnam National University Hospital between January 2004 and December 2005, were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: the survived group (n=1,298, 871 male, 63.1+/-9.7 years) and the moribund group (n=80, 50 male, 67.4+/-8.5 years). Clinical characteristics, risk factors for atherosclerosis, echocardiographic findings, GRACE score and NT-proBNP were compared between groups. RESULTS: The overall mortality was 5.8 %, 80 out of 1,378 patients. Mortality was higher in patients with Killip IV (46.7%, 50 out of 107 patients) than Killip II or III and elderly patients more than 80 years (42.7%, 38 out of 89 patients). High Killip class and old age were associated with high mortality (p<0.0001 respectively). Total score of GRACE was elevated in the moribund group (142+/-40.3 vs. 240+/-40.0) and high GRACE score was significant predictor of mortality (p<0.0001, r=0.827). Predictive factors for mortality by multiple logistic regression analysis were GRACE score (OR 1.15, 1.11~1.20 95%CI, p<0.0001) and old age (OR 0.88, 1.14~1.33 95%CI, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: GRACE score is useful predictor for the mortality of ACS at CCU.